High-voltage 10 ns delayed paired or bipolar pulses for in vitro bioelectric experiments

Recent studies proved that classical bio-effects induced by nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF) can be reduced the delivery of a negative polarity pulse generated immediately after positive pulse. This phenomenon is known as “bipolar cancellation” and it was reported for wide range bipolar pulses with duration from 2 ns to 900 ns. On contrary, paired pulses, i.e., two identical same polarity, increased traditional nsPEF outcomes. Herein, we propose novel robust flexible generator, based on frozen-wave concept, able produce broad 10 delay between 17 360 Numerical simulations experimental measurements were performed fully characterize proposed generator. YO-PROTM-1 uptake investigated in U87-MG human glioblastoma cell line marker membrane permeabilization response ns, 11.5 MV/m nsPEF. Our results showed cancellation occurred delays 0–30 decreased function interphase interval. In addition, observed cellular following application more than two-fold compared unipolar independent